Gọi nFe = a (mol); nMg = b (mol)

56a + 24b = 8 (1)

nH2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: 

Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

a ---> a ---> a ---> a

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

b ---> b ---> b ---> b

a + b = 0,2 (2)

(1)(2) => a = b = 0,1 (mol)

mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)

%mFe = 5,6/8 = 70%

%mMg = 100% - 70% = 30%

nHCl = 0,1 . 2 + 0,1 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)

CMddHCl = 0,4/0,1 = 4M

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ a,C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4(g)\\ c,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-28\%=72\%\)

Cu không tác dụng với dung dịch HCl nên 12,8 gam là khối lượng của Cu.

n HCl  = 91,25x20/(100x36,5) = 0,5 mol

Phương trình hóa học:

Mg + 2HCl → Mg Cl 2  +  H 2

Fe + 2HCl → Fe Cl 2  +  H 2

n Mg  = x

n Fe  = y

Ta có các phương trình:

24x + 56y = 23,6 - 12,8 = 10,8 (I)

2x + 2y = 0,5 (II)

Giải phương trình (I), (II) ta tìm được x và y:

x = 0,1; y = 0,15;  m Mg  = 2,4g;  m Fe  = 8,4g

\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.Chấtrắnkhôngtan:Cu\\ \%m_{Cu}=54,24\%\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=\dfrac{91,25.20\%}{36,5}\\56x+24y=23,6-12,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=35,59\%\\\%m_{Mg}=10,17\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, CuO là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 80b = 14 (1)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{255,5.10\%}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             a--->2a--------->a------>a

           CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

               b------>2b----->b

=> 2a + 2b = 0,7 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1.80}{14}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

m_{dd sau pư} = 14 + 255,5 - 0,25.2 = 269 (g)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{269}.100\%=8,829\%\)

\(C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.135}{269}.100\%=5,019\%\)

      PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                    a_____2a______a____a           (mol)

                 \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                     b_____2b_______b____b         (mol)

Ta lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=10,4\\a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx53,85\%\\\%m_{Mg}=46,15\%\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Fe}=15-8.4=6.6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.2}=1.5\left(M\right)\)